class ctr {
  public:
     ctr() { n = 0; }  
 constructor
     ~ctr() { cout << "bye"; }; 
 destructor
     void add( int i = 1) { n = n + i; }
     int val( ) { return n; }
  private:
  int n;
  };
  

  ctr c; c.add(1); cout << c.val(); 
  ctr* p = new ctr(); c->add(1); ...