• S = λx:Int. x + 1 S : Int → Int

  • twice = λf:Int → Int. λy : Int . f ( f ( y ) ) twice : ( Int → Int ) → Int → Int

  
  • S 0 = 1   ∈  Int

  • twice ( S ) = λx. S S x   ∈  Int → Int


slide: Subtypes -- examples